3.1.1.4 The short and long term effects of exercise

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Additional information

Immediate effects of exercise (during exercise)

  • hot/sweaty/red skin
  • increase in depth and frequency of breathing
  • increased heart rate.

Short-term effects of exercise (up to 36 hours after exercise)

  • tiredness/fatigue
  • light headedness
  • nausea
  • aching/delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)/cramp.

Long-term effects of exercise (months and years of exercising)

  • body shape may change
  • improvements in specific components of fitness
  • build muscle strength
  • improve muscular endurance
  • improve speed
  • improve suppleness
  • build cardio vascular endurance
  • improve stamina
  • increase in the size of the heart (hypertrophy)
  • lower resting heart rate (bradycardia).

Students should be taught the components of fitness to understand the long term effects of exercise.