3.10 Managing strategic change (A-level only)

Managing change

Content	Additional information
Causes of and pressures for change	Types of change include: internal change external change incremental change disruptive change. Managing change should include: Lewin’s force field analysis.
The value of change
The value of a flexible organisation	Flexible organisations include: restructuring delayering flexible employment contracts organic structures v mechanistic knowledge and information management.
The value of managing information and knowledge
Barriers to change	Kotter and Schlesinger’s four reasons for resistance to change
How to overcome barriers to change	Kotter and Schlesinger's six ways of overcoming resistance to change

Managing organisational culture

Updated

We've made a change to the subject content in the table below. This change affects A-level exams in 2025 onwards. To find out what's changed, read our summary of changes. You can also visit our updated specification.

Content	Additional information
The importance of organisational culture	Cultural models should include: Handy’s task culture, role culture, power culture and person culture Hofstede’s national cultures.
The influences on organisational culture
The reasons for and problems of changing organisational culture

Content

Additional information

The importance of organisational culture

Cultural models should include:

Handy’s task culture, role culture, power culture and person culture
Hofstede’s national cultures.

The influences on organisational culture

The reasons for and problems of changing organisational culture

Managing strategic implementation

Updated

We've made some changes to the subject content in the table below. These changes affect A-level exams in 2025 onwards. To find out what's changed, read our summary of changes. You can also visit our updated specification.

Content	Additional information
How to implement strategy effectively
The value of leadership in strategic implementation
The value of communications in strategic implementation
The importance of organisational structure in strategic implementation	Organisational structures to include: functional, product based, regional and matrix structure.
The value of network analysis in strategic implementation	Network analysis to include: understanding and interpreting network diagrams amendment of network diagrams identifying the critical path and total float.

Problems with strategy and why strategies fail

Updated

Content	Additional information
Difficulties of strategic decision making and implementing strategy
Planned v emergent strategy
Reasons for strategic drift
The possible effect of the divorce between ownership and control	The effect of the divorce between ownership and control to include corporate governance.
Evaluating strategic performance
The value of strategic planning
The value of contingency planning

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3.9 Strategic methods: how to pursue strategies (A-level only)

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Scheme of assessment

AS and A-level Business

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Teaching from 2023

Teaching from 2015

3.10 Managing strategic change (A-level only)

Managing change

Managing organisational culture

Managing strategic implementation

Problems with strategy and why strategies fail

Download specification

Teaching from 2023

Teaching from 2015