Universal design for digital exams: Best practice guidelines

Abstract

When transitioning to digital assessments, it is important that accessibility features are prioritised from the outset. This can be achieved by implementing the principles of universal design in the assessment development process. Universal design is a concept that focuses on creating products and environments that are accessible to everyone, minimising the need for modifications or additional access arrangements.

This paper identifies four key elements of universally designed assessments: precisely defined constructs, maximum readability, flexibility, and the use of items that are compatible with accommodations. It then focuses on the specific features that need to be considered when creating accessible digital assessments. These include features that should underpin all assessments, such as item type design and presentation of visuals and texts, as well as options for personalisation, such as colour and font choices. Although many of these features are particularly relevant for students with specific needs, they may also enhance accessibility for a wider range of students.

It should be acknowledged that while these design features could reduce the demand for additional access arrangements, they will not eliminate the need for them. It is therefore essential that these features are compatible with additional access arrangements and assistive technologies.

Keywords

• Accessibility
• Assessment Design
• Fairness
• Social Equity