AS History₇₀₄₁

This option provides for the study in depth of the years in which 13 American colonies chose to sever their links with Great Britain and thus found the USA. This study explores the concepts of imperialism, mercantilism and legitimate government and encourages students to reflect upon the interplay of forces from below and above, the importance of ideology and the economy in political development and the issues facing those who attempt to challenge an established authority.

The origins of the American Revolution, 1760–1776

Britain and the American Colonies, 1760–1763

• Britain and North America in 1760: British attitudes towards the colonies; the politics of Empire; rivalries with France
• The Thirteen Colonies: social, economic and political characteristics; divisions and rivalries within the colonies
• The price of victory: the impact on relations between Britain and the colonists of the successful outcome of the French and Indian War and the Seven Years War
• The dream of westward expansion: the expectations of the colonists; exploiting the territories acquired from French Canada

Enforcing the Colonial Relationship, 1763–1774

• British government legislation and policies towards the colonies; including the Proclamation of 1763; the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts
• The reaction of the colonists: the attitude of the colonial elites
• The reaction of the colonists: pressure and reform movements from below
• Escalating tensions: the Boston Tea Party; the ‘intolerable’ Five Acts; the organisation of colonial opposition in Massachusetts

Ending the Colonial Relationship, 1774–1776

• The hardening of colonial opposition: the First Continental Congress; the creation of new state constitutions
• The ideology of revolution: Paine’s Common Sense; the influence of ideas on colonial leaders such as Samuel Adams and Thomas Jefferson; divisions between loyalists and rebels
• The escalation of conflict: British actions to maintain control including the Quebec Act and the assertion of military control under General Gage; colonial militias and the outbreak of hostilities in 1775
• The Declaration of Independence: its political origins and its impact on the revolutionary cause