GCSE Physics₈₄₆₃

GCSE Physics Specification Specification for first teaching in 2016

21 Sep 2015

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Appendix A: Physics equations

In solving quantitative problems, students should be able to recall and apply the following equations, using standard SI units.

Equations required for Higher Tier papers only are indicated by HT in the left hand column.

Equation number	Word equation	Symbol equation
1	$w e i g h t = m a s s \times g r a v i t a t i o n a l f i e l d s t r e n g t h (g)$	$W = m g$
2	$w o r k d o n e = f o r c e \times d i s t a n c e (a l o n g t h e l i n e o f a c t i o n o f t h e f o r c e)$	$W = F s$
3	$f o r c e a p p l i e d t o a s p r i n g = s p r i n g c o n s t a n t \times e x t e n s i o n$	$F = k e$
4	$m o m e n t o f a f o r c e = f o r c e \times d i s t a n c e (n o r m a l t o d i r e c t i o n o f f o r c e)$	$M = F d$
5	$p r e s s u r e = \frac{f o r c e n o r m a l t o a s u r f a c e}{a r e a o f t h a t s u r f a c e}$	$p = \frac{F}{A}$
6	$d i s t a n c e t r a v e l l e d = s p e e d \times t i m e$	$s = v t$
7	$a c c e l e r a t i o n = \frac{c h a n g e i n v e l o c i t y}{t i m e t a k e n}$	$a = \frac{∆ v}{t}$
8	$r e s u l t a n t f o r c e = m a s s \times a c c e l e r a t i o n$	$F = m a$
9 HT	$m o m e n t u m = m a s s \times v e l o c i t y$	$p = m v$
10	$k i n e t i c e n e r g y = 0.5 \times m a s s \times {(s p e e d)}^{2}$	$E_{k} = \frac{1}{2} m v^{2}$
11	$g r a v i t a t i o n a l p o t e n t i a l e n e r g y = m a s s \times g r a v i t a t i o n a l f i e l d s t r e n g t h (g) \times h e i g h t$	$E_{p} = m g h$
12	$p o w e r = \frac{e n e r g y t r a n s f e r r e d}{t i m e}$	$P = \frac{E}{t}$
13	$p o w e r = \frac{w o r k d o n e}{t i m e}$	$P = \frac{W}{t}$
14	$e f f i c i e n c y = \frac{u s e f u l o u t p u t e n e r g y t r a n s f e r}{t o t a l i n p u t e n e r g y t r a n s f e r}$
15	$e f f i c i e n c y = \frac{u s e f u l p o w e r o u t p u t}{t o t a l p o w e r i n p u t}$
16	$w a v e s p e e d = f r e q u e n c y \times w a v e l e n g t h$	$v = f λ$
17	$c h a r g e f l o w = c u r r e n t \times t i m e$	$Q = I t$
18	$p o t e n t i a l d i f f e r e n c e = c u r r e n t \times r e s i s t a n c e$	$V = I R$
19	$p o w e r = p o t e n t i a l d i f f e r e n c e \times c u r r e n t$	$P = V I$
20	$p o w e r = {(c u r r e n t)}^{2} \times r e s i s t a n c e$	$P = I^{2} R$
21	$e n e r g y t r a n s f e r r e d = p o w e r \times t i m e$	$E = P t$
22	$e n e r g y t r a n s f e r r e d = c h a r g e f l o w \times p o t e n t i a l d i f f e r e n c e$	$E = Q V$
23	$d e n s i t y = \frac{m a s s}{v o l u m e}$	$ρ = \frac{m}{V}$

Students should be able to select and apply the following equations from the Physics equation sheet.

Equations required for Higher Tier papers only are indicated by HT in the left hand column.

Equation number	Word equation	Symbol equation
1 HT	$p r e s s u r e d u e t o a c o l u m n o f l i q u i d = h e i g h t o f c o l u m n \times d e n s i t y o f l i q u i d \times g r a v i t a t i o n a l f i e l d s t r e n g t h (g)$	$p = h ρ g$
2	${(f i n a l v e l o c i t y)}^{2} - {(i n i t i a l v e l o c i t y)}^{2} = 2 \times a c c e l e r a t i o n \times d i s t a n c e$	$v^{2} - u^{2} = 2 a s$
3 HT	$f o r c e = \frac{c h a n g e i n m o m e n t u m}{t i m e t a k e n}$	$F = \frac{m ∆ v}{∆ t}$
4	$e l a s t i c p o t e n t i a l e n e r g y = 0.5 \times s p r i n g c o n s t a n t \times {(e x t e n s i o n)}^{2}$	$E_{e} = \frac{1}{2} k e^{2}$
5	$c h a n g e i n t h e r m a l e n e r g y = m a s s \times s p e c i f i c h e a t c a p a c i t y \times t e m p e r a t u r e c h a n g e$	$∆ E = m c ∆ θ$
6	$p e r i o d = \frac{1}{f r e q u e n c y}$
7	$m a g n i f i c a t i o n = \frac{i m a g e h e i g h t}{o b j e c t h e i g h t}$
8 HT	$f o r c e o n a c o n d u c t o r (a t r i g h t a n g l e s t o a m a g n e t i c f i e l d) c a r r y i n g a c u r r e n t = m a g n e t i c f l u x d e n s i t y \times c u r r e n t \times l e n g t h$	$F = B I l$
9	$t h e r m a l e n e r g y f o r a c h a n g e o f s t a t e = m a s s \times s p e c i f i c l a t e n t h e a t$	$E = m L$
10 HT	$\frac{p o t e n t i a l d i f f e r e n c e a c r o s s p r i m a r y c o i l}{p o t e n t i a l d i f f e r e n c e a c r o s s s e c o n d a r y c o i l} = \frac{n u m b e r o f t u r n s i n p r i m a r y c o i l}{n u m b e r o f t u r n s i n s e c o n d a r y c o i l}$	$\frac{V_{p}}{V_{s}} = \frac{n_{p}}{n_{s}}$
11 HT	$p o t e n t i a l d i f f e r e n c e a c r o s s p r i m a r y c o i l \times c u r r e n t i n p r i m a r y c o i l = p o t e n t i a l d i f f e r e n c e a c r o s s s e c o n d a r y c o i l \times c u r r e n t i n s e c o n d a r y c o i l$	$V_{p} I_{p} = V_{s} I_{s}$
12	For gases: $p r e s s u r e \times v o l u m e = c o n s t a n t$	$p V = c o n s t a n t$

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GCSE Physics₈₄₆₃

Appendix A: Physics equations