Appendix 1

Foundation tier

Formulae included in the GCSE Mathematics subject content. Students are expected to know these formulae; they must not be given in the assessment.

Specification reference

Formula required

B3f

In order to carry out stratification, calculating the percentage or proportion of an amount:

x100×amount

C1a, C1b

Calculating the angle for a sector in a pie chart:

xtotal×360

C2

Frequency density for a histogram:

frequencydensity=  frequencyclasswidth 

D1a

Calculation of arithmetic mean:

x-=fxf

D3a

Range = highest value – lowest value

D3a

Interquartile range (IQR) = upper quartile – lower quartile

D7

Probability=Number of favourable outcomesTotal number of outcomes 

Formula included in the GCSE Statistics subject content. Students are expected to know these formulae; they must not be given in the assessment.

Specification reference

Formula required

D4

4 point moving average = x1+x2+x3+x44

D5

Calculate double mean point ( x-,y- ):

x-=fxf, y-=fyf

E4a

Formulae for independent events:

P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B)

P(A | B) = P(A)

P(B | A) =P(B)

E4b

Formula for conditional probability

PBA=P(A and B)P(A)

E7c

Index number=current value of itemvalue in base year×100

Formula that students should be able to use, but need not memorise. These can be given in the assessment, either in the appropriate question, or in a list from which students select

and apply as appropriate.

Specification reference

Formula required

E7b

Rates of change (eg Birth rate=number of births × 1000total population )

Higher Tier

Formula included in the GCSE Mathematics subject content. Students are expected to know these formulae; they must not be given in the assessment.

Specification reference

Formula required

B3f

In order to carry out stratification, calculating the percentage or proportion of an amount:

x100×amount

C1a, C1b

Calculating the angle for a sector in a pie chart:

xtotal×360

C2

Frequency density for a histogram:

frequencydensity=  frequencyclasswidth 

D1a

Calculation of arithmetic mean:

x-=fxf

D3a

Range = highest value – lowest value

D3a

Interquartile range (IQR) = upper quartile – lower quartile

D7

Probability=Number of favourable outcomesTotal number of outcomes

Formulae included in the GCSE Statistics subject content. Students are expected to know these formulae; they must not be given in the assessment.

Specification reference

Formula required

C1b

Calculating the radius of a circle for a proportional pie chart:

r=total×oldradius2oldtotal

D1a

Calculation of weighted mean:

weighted mean=(value×weight)weights

D1a

Geometric mean=value1×value2××valuenn

D3a

Interpercentile range and interdecile range as appropriate:

percentile 1 – percentile 2 (calculation of a percentage needed as in B3 above)

D3b

Identification of an outlier:

Small outlier is < LQ – 1.5IQR

Large outlier is > UQ + 1.5IQR

Outlier is also outside μ±3σ

D4

Moving averages (m.a.) n point moving average:

m.a.=x1+x2++xnn

D5

Calculate double mean point (x-,y-) :

x-=fxf , y-=fyf

E4a

Formulae for independent events:

P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B)

P(A | B) = P(A)

P(B | A) = P(B)

E4b

Formula for conditional probability

P(B | A)=P(A and B)P(A))

E7c

Index number=current varient of itemvalue in base year×100

E7c

Weighted index number=(index×weight)weights

E12d

Petersen capture recapture formula:

Number in population=sample size 1 ×sample size 2number marked in sample 2

Formulae that students should be able to use, but need not memorise. These can be given in the assessment, either in the appropriate question, or in a list from which students select and apply as appropriate.

Specification reference

Formula required

D2

Skew=3(mean-median)standard deviation

D3a

Standard deviation=1N(x-x-)2

alternative formula

Standard deviation=x2N-(xN)2

D6

Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient

rs=1-6di2n(n2-1)

E7b

Rates of change (eg Birth rate=number of births ×1000total population )