GCSE Statistics Specification for first teaching in 2017
PDF | 796.16 KB
GCSE Statistics8382
3.6 Statistical Enquiry Cycle (SEC)
The Statistical Enquiry Cycle (SEC) underpins the study of Statistics. Students need to be able to apply the knowledge and techniques outlined in this section within the framework of the SEC. The cycle covers five stages:
- initial planning
- data collection
- data processing and presentation
- interpretation of results
- evaluation and review.
The detail of the SEC that is common to all exam boards is provided in Appendix 3: statistical enquiry cycle . During their learning students should develop their understanding of the SEC through a variety of authentic contexts. Practical experience of the cycle is integral to their understanding of the principles of the SEC.
3.6.1 Initial planning
Students must understand the importance of initial planning when designing a line of enquiry or investigation including:
- defining a question or hypothesis (or hypotheses) to investigate
- deciding what data to collect, and how to collect and record it, giving reasons
- developing a strategy for how to process and represent the data giving reasons.
3.6.2 Data collection
Students must recognise the constraints involved in sourcing data including:- when designing collection methods for primary data
- when researching sources of secondary data, including from reference publications, the internet and the media
- through appreciating the importance of acknowledging sources
- by recognising where issues of sensitivity may influence data availability.
3.6.3 Data processing and presentation
Students must understand the ways that data can be processed and presented including:- organising and processing data, including an understanding of how technology can be used
- generating diagrams and visualisations to represent the data, including an understanding of outputs generated by appropriate technology
- generating statistical measures to compare data, understanding the advantages of using technology to automate processing.
3.6.4 Interpretation of results
Students must understand that results must be interpreted with reference to the context of the problem including:- analysing/interpreting the diagrams and calculations/measures
- reaching conclusions that relate to the questions and hypotheses addressed
- making inferences and/or predictions
- discussing the reliability of findings.
Students must show an understanding of the importance of the clear and concise communication of findings and key ideas, and awareness of target audience.
3.6.5 Evaluation and review
Students must understand the importance of evaluating statistical work including:- identifying weaknesses in approach or representation
- suggesting improvements to processes or the presentation
- refining the process to elicit further clarification of the initial hypothesis.