GCSE Statistics₈₃₈₂

Use visualisation and calculation to interpret results with reference to the context of the problem, and to evaluate the validity and reliability of statistical findings.

3.5.1 E1a

Notes: using fractions, decimal and percentages.

3.5.2 E1b

3.5.3 E1c

3.5.4 E2a

3.5.5 E2b

Notes: includes making estimates of theoretical probability from a relative frequency table or diagram.

3.5.6 E2c

Notes: includes the calculation and use of appropriate probabilities from the use of these diagrams.

3.5.7 E3a

3.5.8 E3b

Notes: comparisons should be context based interpretations, not just observations of difference. Use of calculator functions is encouraged.

3.5.9 E3c

Notes: comparisons should be context-based interpretations, not just observations of difference. Use of calculator functions is encouraged.

3.5.10 E3d

Notes: including published secondary data.

3.5.11 E4a

3.5.12 E4b

Notes: includes the use of Venn, sample space, tree diagrams and two-way tables.

3.5.13 E5a

Notes: the formula will be given in the question. Students should be able to identify positive and negative skew. Decisions on the strength of the skew are not expected.

3.5.14 E5b

3.5.15 E6

3.5.16 E7a

Notes: rates of change formulae will be given in the question. This includes birth and death rates.

3.5.17 E7b

Notes: rates of change formulae will be given in the question. This includes birth and death rates.

3.5.18 E7c

3.5.19 E8a

3.5.20 E8b

Notes: use of the word ‘moderate’ for correlation will not be required.

Values of 0.6 or above or −0.6 or below will be considered strong. 0.2 up to but not including 0.6 or −0.2 down to but not including −0.6 will be considered weak.

Values between, but not including −0.2 and 0.2 will be considered as ‘no correlation’.

3.5.21 E8c

3.5.22 E9a

Notes: formula will be given in the question.

3.5.23 E9b

3.5.24 E9c

Notes: students should know that Spearman's measures the correlation of the rank orders whereas Pearson’s measures the linear relationship.

3.5.25 E10a

Notes: formal tests of significance will not be required.

3.5.26 E10b

Notes: Including the notion of a fixed number of trials and a constant probability of ‘success’. Students should know and use the characteristic of symmetry of probabilities where appropriate. The word ‘binomial’ will be used in assessments. Notation X ~ B ( $\mathit{n}$ , $\mathit{p}$ ) will not be used. The value of $\mathit{n}$ will be no greater than 5.

3.5.27 E11a

Notes: including the symmetric bell-shape nature of the distribution.

3.5.28 E11b

Notes: other than the results in E11b, no calculations for values or normal probabilities are expected.

3.5.29 E11c

3.5.30 E11d

Notes: formulae will be given in the question.

3.5.31 E12a

3.5.32 E12b

3.5.33 E12c

3.5.34 E12d

Notes: includes understanding possible assumptions that may affect the validity or reliability of the process.

3.5.35 E13a

3.5.36 E13b

Notes : no formal use of the distribution of $\overline{\mathit{X}}$ is expected.