A-level Drama and Theatre Specification Specification for first teaching in 2016
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Find past papers and mark schemes, and specimen papers for new courses, on our website at aqa.org.uk/pastpapers
This specification is designed to be taken over two years.
This is a linear qualification. In order to achieve the award, students must complete all assessments at the end of the course and in the same series.
A-level exams and certification for this specification are available for the first time in May/June 2018 and then every May/June for the life of the specification.
All materials are available in English only.
Courses based on this specification should encourage students to:
This component is a written exam in which students are assessed on their knowledge and understanding of how drama and theatre is developed and performed (AO3) and on their ability to analyse and evaluate the live theatre work of others (AO4).
The paper constitutes 40% of the A-level.
Students have 3 hours to answer the paper.
The paper is divided into three compulsory sections:In the exam students are expected to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the subject content.
See Knowledge and understanding for details.
In their answers for Section A and Section B students should:There are three prohibited play combinations for the exam: students must not answer on both Butterworth’s Jerusalem from List A and Teale’s Brontë , Gurira’s The Convert , or Ellams’ Three Sisters from List B. This is because these texts were written at a similar time.
In Section A students answer one essay question (from a choice) on one of the set plays listed in List A below (in place from 2018 onwards).
Specific editions are not prescribed for these plays. However, we've listed the editions we use to set questions.
If you wish to use a different edition, we recommend you source a copy of the one we use to make sure it's similar. This will enable your students to access the questions on the paper. Adaptations are not appropriate.
List A – these plays have been selected to represent significant drama through the ages.
The focus of the questions is interpretation of specific aspects of the play adopting the perspective of a performer, designer or director as appropriate to the question.
Section A is marked out of 25.
Students are permitted to refer to a clean copy of their chosen play during the exam. This must not be annotated and must not contain any additional notes, marks, alterations or inclusions.
Students must not answer Section A or Section B of the exam on the same play they answer on for Section C ie the live production seen cannot be one of their set plays.
In Section B students answer three compulsory parts of one question on a given extract from one of the set plays from List B below (in place from 2018 onwards).
List B – these plays have been selected to represent 20th and 21st century drama.
Specific editions are prescribed for these texts.
The focus of the questions is how the extract might be interpreted in performance to create meaning for an audience.
The first part of the question is to be answered from the perspective of director, the second part of the question is to be answered from the perspective of performer and the third part of the question is to be answered from the perspective of designer (lighting, sound, set, costume).
Section B is marked out of 30 in total; 10 marks for each part of the question.
Students are permitted to refer to a clean copy of their chosen play during the exam.
This must not be annotated and must not contain any additional notes, marks, alterations or inclusions.
Students must not answer Section A or Section B of the exam on the same play they answer on for Section C ie the live production seen cannot be one of their set plays.
In Section C students answer one essay question (from a choice) on the work of theatre makers in a single live production they have experienced as an audience member as part of their course.
Students are required to demonstrate their understanding of how theatre makers collaborate to create theatre, communicating meaning to an audience through choices of form, style and convention.
They are expected to refer to particular moments within the production.
They should be able to discuss a variety of aspects of one production seen giving a personal analysis and evaluation of the theatrical elements that contributed to its total effectiveness.
Students are assessed on their knowledge and understanding of the subject content detailed in Knowledge and understanding as well as their analytical and evaluative skills.
Section C is marked out of 25.
Students must not answer Section A or Section B of the exam on the same play they answer on for Section C ie the live production seen cannot be one of their set plays.
This is a practical component in which students are assessed on their ability to create and develop ideas to communicate meaning as part of the theatre making process making connections between dramatic theory and practice (AO1) and apply theatrical skills to realise artistic intentions in live performance (AO2).
Component 2 constitutes 30% of the A-level.
It is marked by teachers and moderated by AQA.
For this component, students must complete two assessment tasks:
The Working notebook is marked out of 40.
Each student's contribution to the final devised performance is marked out of 20.
The stimulus/stimuli for the devised piece must be chosen by students.
There is no restriction on the subject matter that forms the basis of students’ devising work. For example the starting point for the piece might be:The devised piece must be informed by the work and methodologies of one of the prescribed theatre practitioners on our set list (see Prescribed practitioners ).
Each student must choose a different practitioner to that chosen for Component 3.
Performers and directors in the same group must select the same practitioner. Designers may select different practitioners. All practitioner choices must be compatible.
It is important that the content of the devised work is entirely in line with the dramatic intentions of the chosen practitioner(s) whose methodology has been adopted.
Students must choose to be assessed as a:
Costume designers may choose to include make-up and/or hair and/or masks. Set designers may choose to include design of props.
Each student must choose one specialism only for this component. They are assessed in relation to this specialism for both the Working notebook and devised performance.
Requirements in relation to the number of students per specialism are as follows:
In the case of only two students entering, both students must nominate themselves as performer.
Cross-sex casting is permitted.
Students must apply their chosen specialism as follows:1 Or more than one if appropriate to the subject matter and performance style of the piece.
Teachers must ensure that students have the opportunity to take an equal and active part in the creative and collaborative process regardless of their chosen specialism.
Each pair/group is to be self-contained and totally responsible for all aspects of the devised work, which should seek to realise clear artistic intentions for an audience.
All designs must be assessed in live performance:Design students are not assessed on their ability to operate equipment associated with their design.
Therefore although all students are encouraged to develop their theatrical skills to their full potential the following applies:Assessors must assess the design and not its execution.
Designs should be realised in performance to the full extent possible within any practical constraints.
Design students must work to support performers (and director where applicable) and create a design which supports and enhances the live performance work. Students should have an awareness of how their design will impact on the live performance as a whole.
Each student is required to complete a Working notebook documenting and exploring the creation, development and refinement of their ideas during the devising process.
Students should illustrate the ways in which they have made connections between theory and practice throughout including:The Working notebook is divided into two sections, each marked out of 20 marks:
Section 1: Rationale and research
Section 2: Development and refinement.
In this section students should define their inspiration for the devised piece and document their influences.
They should outline their personal dramatic aims and objectives and those agreed upon by the devising group.
Students must include:
In this section students should explain how they developed and refined their work during the devising process, reflecting on their decision making along the way.
They should demonstrate how theory has informed their practical work.
Students should contrast the outcome of the final piece with their original aims and intentions, identifying how and why these changed during the devising process.
Students must include:
The Working notebook evidence presented for assessment must be the student's own work.
Details of admissible evidence types for the Working notebook can be found below:
Students and teachers must sign a Candidate record form (CRF) to authenticate each student's work.
Students do not have to be directly supervised at all times whilst they are completing their Working notebook. However there must be adequate supervision to ensure that work can be authenticated.
Teachers may provide guidance and support to students so that they are clear about the requirements of the task they need to undertake and the marking criteria that will be used.
Teachers may provide guidance to students on the suitability of their response to the task particularly if it means they will not meet the requirements of the specification.
Teachers must follow JCQ instructions regarding the provision of feedback to students.
Each student is required to contribute to a devised duologue or devised group piece.
The assessed performance for this component cannot be a devised monologue.
For group performances playing time for each performance should reflect the number of performance students in the group. For example a group with six performance students should work to the upper time limit.
Teachers are required to ensure minimum performance times are met.
If a student's performance does not meet the required duration a penalty is applied to the mark (the size of the penalty depends on the severity of the timing infringement). It may also result in schools or colleges being investigated for maladministration.
The performances/designs presented for assessment must be the student’s own work.
Students and teachers will be required to sign a Candidate record form (CRF) to fully authenticate each student's work.
Teachers must provide programme notes for the moderator stating the title of the piece and the name of the practitioner selected for devising.
The programme notes must include photographs of each student so that each student is clearly identifiable to the moderator.
The programme notes must also state each student’s chosen specialism.
In addition each student must offer a statement of their individual dramatic intentions to justify their theatrical choices.
The Statement of Dramatic Intentions must be completed by the student on the template AQA provides. This statement is not assessed directly but should be used to support assessment. Assessment must not take place without reference to the student’s Statement of Dramatic Intentions.
Assessed performances must be recorded with a single camera from an audience perspective from start to finish and be unedited.
Each student being assessed must identify themselves by name and candidate number at the start of the recording.
Students must also state their chosen specialism.
Close-ups of set, costume and puppet design students’ work must be included at the beginning of the recording.
It is expected that during the rehearsal process teachers will support students through the provision of workshops.
Teachers may provide guidance and support to students so that they are clear about the requirements of the task they need to undertake and the marking criteria that will be used.
Teachers may provide guidance to students on the suitability of their response to the task particularly if it means they will not meet the requirements of the specification.
Teachers must not direct the performance under any circumstances and must follow JCQ instructions regarding the provision of feedback to students.
For authentication, regular monitoring should be undertaken by the teacher so that the work is seen at each developmental stage.
Students do not have to be directly supervised at all times during performance preparation but there must be adequate supervision to ensure that work can be authenticated.
Teachers are not permitted to provide any guidance to students whilst the assessed performance is being carried out.
Each performance must be carried out in live performance conditions and ideally under stage lighting. There is no requirement upon students to present the devised piece within a full production context ie with full set and costume.
All performance preparation and the live performance itself must be carried out in a setting which has been formally risk assessed and deemed safe.
The performance space should enable students to fulfill their chosen specialism as much as possible.
Students should be aware of health and safety factors as they relate to both their chosen specialism and the performance piece as a whole.
Non-examinees are permitted to perform alongside performance candidates, but only where absolutely necessary in order to make the group size up to the minimum of performers. They must be students not staff.
Technical support may be provided to design students. This may be by non-examinee students or staff.
This is a practical component in which students are assessed on their ability to apply theatrical skills to realise artistic intentions in live performance (AO2) and analyse and evaluate their own work (AO4).
Component 3 constitutes 30% of the A-level.
It is marked by AQA.
For this component students must practically explore (workshop) and interpret three key extracts each from a different play and complete two assessment tasks:
Each student's contribution to the performance of Extract 3 is marked out of 40.
Their Reflective report is marked out of 20.
For the performance of Extract 3 students must apply the work and methodologies of one of the prescribed theatre practitioners on our set list (see Prescribed practitioners ).
Performers and directors in the same group must select the same practitioner. Designers may select different practitioners. All practitioner choices must be compatible.
Students should seek to ensure that their work is fully consonant with the intentions and methods of the selected practitioner(s).
Only Extract 3 must have a prescribed practitioner applied.
Extract 1 and Extract 2 may have:
Students are required to practically explore (workshop) and interpret three key extracts (Extract 1, Extract 2 and Extract 3) each from a different play.
Extract 1, Extract 2 and Extract 3 must be taken from a different play and understood in the context of the whole play.
The three plays chosen must:
Teachers must ensure that all students have sufficient opportunity to demonstrate their chosen specialism (to enable them to access the full range of marks).
Prohibited play combinations for Component 3
Schools/colleges must seek AQA approval of their play choices by submitting a Play Approval Form directly to their allocated AQA AS/A-level NEA (non-exam assessment) adviser. Teachers must seek approval well in advance of the visitng exam date in case they are not approved. All play approval forms must be submitted by 31 January at the latest.
Play choice approval is an essential part of the specification. Failure to seek timely approval will be treated as maladministration and failure to gain timely approval may result in delays to the assessment taking place.
If your school/college is new to teaching this specification, please contact AQA to be allocated an AQA NEA Adviser.
The key extracts chosen must be significant to the play as a whole ie pivotal to plot, character(s) or theme(s).
The key extracts chosen must be continuous and individually last at least 10 minutes in duration if the full extract were to be performed.
Students can perform an abridged version of the key extract if needed (to provide a coherent performance within the minimum performance times stated) but the wording itself must not be modified.
We advise the following steps to choose the key extracts:
Step 1: Choose a play (adhering to the requirements above) and start to explore the play practically.
Step 2: Focus on one section of the play. The section must be substantial, which is defined as taking at least 10 minutes to perform if performed. Large groups will need to study a longer section (see Step 3). Students should study the section chosen in depth, taking time to thoroughly explore and interpret it.
Step 3: Identify how much of the section needs to be performed to meet the relevant AQA minimum performance time. The minimum performance time varies depending on the number of performers in the group. If the group is large, collectively the group is likely to need to perform the whole section they have studied (which may have needed to have been more than the minimum 10 minutes, see Step 2). If the performance is to be a monologue, the performer will only need to perform part of the section they have studied.
Step 4: Repeat for two other plays.
Students are not required to perform the full key extract for assessment but all three key extracts must be explored practically in their entirety during the course.
NEA Advisers are able to provide guidance about the selection and use of key extracts.
For each key extract the student must choose to be assessed as a:
Costume designers may choose to include make-up and/or hair and/or masks. Set designers may choose to include design of props.
They may choose the same specialism or different specialisms for each key extract studied.
They may choose the same or different specialism(s) to the specialism they chose for Component 2.
Requirements in relation to number of students per specialism are as follows:
In the case of only one student entering, this student must nominate himself/herself as performer.
Cross-sex casting is permitted.
Students must apply their chosen specialism as follows:
2 Or more than one role if appropriate eg in a multi-role play.
Teachers must ensure that students have the opportunity to take an equal and active role in the creative and collaborative process regardless of their chosen specialism.
All designs must be assessed in live performance:
Design students are not assessed on their ability to operate equipment associated with their design.
Therefore although all students are encouraged to develop their theatrical skills to their full potential the following applies:Assessors must assess the design and not its execution.
Designs should be realised in performance to the full extent possible within any practical constraints.
Design students must work to support performers (and director where applicable) and create a design which supports and enhances the live performance work. Students should have an awareness of how their design will impact on the live performance as a whole.
Each student is required to contribute to a monologue, duologue or a group piece.
3 Students are not required to perform the full key extract.
For group performances playing time for each performance should reflect the number of performance students in the group. For example a group with six performance students should work to the upper time limit.
Teachers are required to ensure minimum performance times are met.
If a student's performance does not meet the required duration a penalty is applied to the mark (the size of the penalty depends on the severity of the timing infringement). It may also result in schools or colleges being investigated for maladministration.
The performances/designs presented for assessment must be the student’s own work.
Students and teachers will be required to sign a Candidate record form (CRF) to fully authenticate each students work.
Teachers must provide programme notes for the examiner stating the title of the piece and the name of the practitioner selected.
The programme notes must include photographs of each student in order that each student is clearly identifiable to the examiner.
The programme notes must also state each student’s chosen specialism, chosen plays and if they are performing, the character(s) they are playing.
In addition each student must offer a statement of their individual dramatic intentions to justify their theatrical choices and provide the examiner with a context for the productions he/she is assessing.
The Statement of Dramatic Intentions must be completed by the student on the template AQA provides. This statement is not assessed directly but is used to support assessment. Assessment must not take place without reference to the student’s Statement of Dramatic Intentions.
Assessed performances must be recorded with a single camera from an audience perspective from start to finish and be unedited.
Each student being assessed must identify themselves by name and candidate number at the start of the recording.
Students must also state their chosen specialism and chosen plays and if they are performing, the character(s) they are playing.
Close-ups of set, costume and puppet design students’ work must be included at the beginning of the recording.
It is expected that during the rehearsal process teachers will support students through the provision of workshops.
Teachers may provide guidance and support to students so that they are clear about the requirements of the task they need to undertake and the marking criteria that will be used.
Teachers may provide guidance to students on the suitability of their response to the task particularly if it means they will not meet the requirements of the specification.
Teachers must follow JCQ instructions regarding the provision of feedback to students.
For authentication, regular monitoring should be undertaken by the teacher so that the work is seen at each developmental stage.
Students do not have to be directly supervised at all times during performance preparation but there must be adequate supervision to ensure that work can be authenticated.
Teachers are not permitted to provide any guidance to students whilst the assessed performance is being carried out.
Each performance must be carried out in live performance conditions and ideally under stage lighting. There is no requirement upon students to present their key extract within a full production context ie with full set and costume.
All performance preparation and the live performance itself must be carried out in a setting which has been formally risk assessed and deemed safe.
The performance space should enable students to fulfill their chosen specialism as much as possible.
Students should be aware of health and safety factors as they relate to both their chosen specialism and the performance piece as a whole.
Non-examinees are permitted to perform alongside performance candidates, but only where absolutely necessary in order to make the group size up to the minimum of performers. They must be students not staff.
Technical support may be provided to design students. This may be by non-examinee students or staff.
Each student is required to write a Reflective report in which they analyse and evaluate their theatrical interpretation of all three key extracts studied. Students do not need to discuss each extract in turn. They should take a holistic approach.
Students must provide the following information on the cover sheet:
For assessment students must discuss:
The report must be completed before the final assessed performance of Extract 3 takes place. Students are not required to reflect on a final performance, only on their workshopped theatrical interpretations.
The Reflective report must be the student’s own work.
The Reflective report must be presented as a written document.
Students and teachers will be required to sign a Candidate record form (CRF) to fully authenticate each student's work.
Students do not have to be directly supervised at all times whilst they are completing their Reflective report. However there must be adequate supervision to ensure that work can be authenticated.
Teachers may provide guidance and support to students so that they are clear about the requirements of the task they need to undertake and the marking criteria that will be used.
Teachers may provide guidance to students on the suitability of their response to the task particularly if it means they will not meet the requirements of the specification.
Teachers must follow JCQ instructions regarding the provision of feedback to students.
Assessment objectives (AOs) are set by Ofqual and are the same across all A-level Drama and Theatre specifications and all exam boards.
The exams and non-exam assessment will measure how students have achieved the following assessment objectives:
The marks awarded on the papers will be scaled to meet the weighting of the components. Students’ final marks will be calculated by adding together the scaled marks for each component. Grade boundaries will be set using this total scaled mark. The scaling and total scaled marks are shown in the table below.
The assessment criteria below details the mark bands with descriptors for the assessment of students' work.
Component 2 is marked by the teacher out of 60 marks, with marks divided as follows:
This is the mark scheme to be used for both sections of the Working notebook in Component 2. This is a level of response mark scheme.
Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The descriptor for the level shows the average performance. There are marks in each level. Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s response you should review the response.
Step 1 Determine a level – Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the response meets the descriptor for that level. The descriptors for the level indicate the different qualities that might be seen in the student’s response. If the response meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptors and the response.
When assigning a level look at the overall quality of the response. If the response covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit approach and use the variability of the response to decide the mark within the level, ie if the response is predominantly level 3 with a small amount of level 4 material it would be placed in level 3 but awarded a mark near the top because of the level 4 content.
Step 2 Determine a mark – Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The exemplar materials used during teacher standardisation will help. You can compare the student’s response with the marked and annotated examples to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse.
There are 20 marks available for each section, 40 marks in total.
The assessment objective being assessed is AO1: Create and develop ideas to communicate meaning as part of the theatre making process, making connections between dramatic theory and practice.
Working notebook Section 1 (20 marks) and Section 2 (20 marks)
This is the mark scheme to be used for the Devised performance in Component 2.
There are 20 marks available. Award either one mark, two marks, three marks, four marks or five marks for each of the following four criteria.
The assessment objective being assessed is AO2: Apply theatrical skills to realise artistic intentions in live performance.
Component 3 is marked by a visiting AQA assessor, using the assessment grids below.
There are 60 marks available, divided as follows: