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AQA MFL Instructions for the Conduct of Exams (ICE)

The MFL Instructions for the Conduct of Exams (ICE) for the summer 2026 exams series are now available.

3.5 Vocabulary

There is no defined vocabulary list for the A-level in Biblical Hebrew. Rather, the qualification will require students to know and build upon words and regular compounds of the words, which are listed in the Core Vocabulary List for Biblical Hebrew.

This Core Vocabulary List is primarily intended as a guide for teachers to assist in the planning of schemes of work.

Students should be introduced to a greater range of vocabulary through wider reading of original material, more complex examples of syntax and accidence and the in-depth study of prose literature and poetry . Students are expected to study a range of genres in order to develop a wider vocabulary and more complex understanding of syntax and accidence. This will enable them to translate unseen passages, answer comprehension and grammar questions on unseen passages, and translate a passage of English into Biblical Hebrew.

In addition to the words printed in this list, the following forms are considered a part of the core vocabulary:

  • verbs formed from the listed roots
  • cardinal and ordinal numbers.

Instructions for using this vocabulary list: verb roots are marked with a root sign √ and are not pointed. All other parts of speech are pointed with their regular pointing.

In the English column:

  • a comma marks an alternative meaning which is synonymous or closely related
  • a semi-colon marks an unrelated meaning.

In the Biblical Hebrew column:

  • a comma marks an alternative form of the same word
  • a semi-colon marks an alternative form which has a distinct meaning – marked by a semi-colon on the meaning column as well.

3.5.1 General vocabulary

Biblical Hebrew

English

Biblical Hebrew cognate word/s

English

אָב

father

 
 

אבד√

destroy; lose

 
 

אבה√

accept, be willing

אֶבְיוֹן

poor, oppressed

אבל√

mourn

 
 

אֶבֶן

stone

 
 

אָדוֹן

lord, master

אֲ-דֹנָי

G-d

אָדָם

man

 
 

אֲדָמָה

ground

 
 

אֶדֶן

pedestal, socket

 
 

אהב√

love, like

אַהֲבָה

love

אֹהֶל

tent

 
 

אוֹ

or

 
 

אוּלַי

perhaps

 
 

אָוֶן

wickedness, sin

 
 

אוֹפַן

wheel

 
 

אוֹצָר

supply, store-house, treasure

 
 

אוֹר

light

 
 

אור√

shine

 
 

אוֹת

sign

 
 

אָז

then

 
 

אזן√

listen

אֹזֶן

ear

אָח

brother

אָחוֹת

sister

אחז√

seize, hold

אֲחֻזָה

inherited property, possession

אחר√

delay

אַחַר

behind, after

 
 

אַחֵר

another

 
 

אַחֲרוֹן

behind; last

 
 

אַחֲרִית

end, outcome

 
 

אָחוֹר

back; behind

אִי

coast, island, region

 
 

אֹיֵב, אוֹיֵב

enemy

 
 

אַיֵּה

where?

 
 

אֵיךְ

how

 
 

אַיִל

ram

 
 

אֵילָם, אוּלָם

vestibule

 
 

אַיִן, אֵין

there is/are not

 
 

אֵיפָה

ephah (grain measure)

 
 

אִישׁ, אֲנָשִׁים

(s,pl) man, husband

אִשָּׁה, נָשִׁים

(s, pl) woman

 
 

אֱנוֹשׁ

mankind

אַךְ

only; surely

 
 

אכל√

eat, devour

אֹכֶל

food

אֵ-ל

G-d, [other] gods

 
 

אֶל

to, towards

 
 

אַל

no, not

 
 

אֵלֶּה

these

 
 

אָלָה

curse

 
 

אֱ-לֹהִים

G-d

 
 

אַלְמָנָה

widow

 
 

אֶלֶף

thousand; tribe, clan

אַלוּף

tribal chief; friend; ox

אִם

if, then

 
 

אֵם

mother

 
 

אַמָּה

forearm; cubit

 
 

אָמָה

female slave, maidservant

 
 

אמן√

be steady, firm, trustworthy, faithful; believe

אֱמוּנָה

steadiness, loyalty

אמץ√

be strong

 
 

אמר√

say

אֵמֶר

saying, word

 
 

אִמְרָה

word, utterance

אֱמֶת

trustworthiness, truth

 
 

אָן, אָנָה

where? from where?

 
 

אֲנַחְנוּ

we

 
 

אָנֹכִי, אֲנִי

I

 
 

אסף√

gather

 
 

אסר√

tie; be imprisoned

 
 

אַף

nose, nostril; anger; also, even, the more so

 
 

אֵפֹד

ephod (priestly garment, cult object)

 
 

אֶפֶס

end, nothingness; without

 
 

אֵצֶל

side; beside

 
 

ארב√

lie in ambush

 
 

אַרְגָּמָן

purple

 
 

אָרוֹן

ark

 
 

אֶרֶז

cedar

 
 

אֹרַח

way, path

 
 

אֲרִי, אַרְיֵה

(m, m and f) lion

 
 

ארך√

be long

אֹרֶךְ

length

אַרְמוֹן

palace

 
 

אֶרֶץ

earth, land

 
 

ארר√

curse

 
 

אֵשׁ

fire

אִשֶּׁה

offering by fire

אשׁם√

be(come) guilty

אָשָׁם

guilt, wrong; guilt offering

אֲשֶׁר

who, which, that

 
 

אֶשֶׁר

fortune; happiness

 
 

אֲשֵׁרָה

Ashera, sacred tree

 
 

אֵת

(not translated); with, beside

 
 

אַתָּה, אַתְּ

(s m,f) you

 
 

אָתוֹן

she-donkey

 
 

אַתֶּם; אַתֶּן

(pl m; f) you

 
 

בְּאֵר

well, pit

 
 

בֶּגֶד

item of clothing, garment

 
 

בגד√

treat faithlessly

 
 

בַּד

poles; shoots

 
 

בדל√

separate oneself

 
 

בהל√

be terrified

 
 

בְּהֵמָה

cattle, animals

 
 

בוא√

go in, enter, come

תְּבוּאָה

produce, yield

בּוֹר

pit, well

 
 

בושׁ√

be ashamed

 
 

בזה√

despise

 
 

בזז√

plunder

 
 

בָּחוּר

young man

 
 

בחר√

choose

 
 

בטח√

trust

בֶּטַח

safety; securely

בֶּטֶן

belly, womb

 
 

בֵּין; בַּיִן

between; interval

 
 

בין√

understand

בִּינָה

insight

 
 

תְּבוּנָה

intelligence, skill

בַּיִת

house

 
 

בכה√

weep

 
 

בְּכֹר, בְּכוֹר

firstborn

 
 

בַּל

not

 
 

בלל√

moisten; confuse

 
 

בלע√

swallow

 
 

בִּלְתִּי; לְבִלְתִּי

non-existence, not, except; not to

 
 

בָּמָה

high place

 
 

בֵּן

son

 
 

בנה√

build

 
 

בַּעֲבוּר

on account of, for the sake of, because of, in order that

 
 

בַּעַד, בְּעַד

(n) distance; (prep) behind, through, for (the benefit of)

 
 

בַּעַל

owner, husband; idol (Baal)

 
 

בער√

consume, burn, destroy; graze

 
 

בקע√

split

 
 

בָּקָר

cows, herds, cattle

 
 

בֹּקֶר

morning

 
 

בקשׁ√

ask, search

 
 

ברא√

create

 
 

בַּרְזֶל

iron

 
 

ברח√

run away, flee

 
 

בְּרִיחַ

bar

 
 

בְּרִית

covenant, promise

 
 

ברך√

bless

בְּרָכָה

blessing

בָּשָׂר

flesh, meat

 
 

בַּת

daughter

 
 

בְּתוֹךְ

see תָּוֶךְ

 
 

בְּתוּלָה

virgin

 
 

גָּאוֹן

loftiness, exaltation; pride

 
 

גאל√

redeem

גֹּאֵל

redeemer

גבהּ√

be high

גָּבֹהַ

high

גְּבוּל

boundary, territory

 
 

גְּבוּרָה

strength

גֶּבֶר

young man; strong man

 
 

גִּבּוֹר

warrior, strong man

גִּבְעָה

hill; (cultic) high place

 
 

גְּדוּד

raiding party

 
 

גדל√

be(come) strong, great; bring up, let grow, nourish

גָּדוֹל

great

 
 

מִגְדָּל

tower

גּוֹי

people, nation

 
 

גור√

sojourn, live temporarily

גֵּר

stranger

גּוֹרָל

lot, lottery; allotment, portion

 
 

גַּיְא

valley

 
 

גיל√

shriek ecstatically, shout with joy

 
 

גלה√

reveal, uncover; depart

גּוֹלָה

exiles; deportation, exile

גִּלּוּל

idols

 
 

גַּם

also, indeed

 
 

גָּמָל

camel

 
 

גמל√

finish; be weaned

 
 

גַּן

garden

 
 

גנב√

steal

 
 

גֶּפֶן

vine, grape

 
 

גֹּרֶן

threshing-floor

 
 

גרשׁ√

banish, divorce, drive out; toss up

 
 

גֶּשֶׁם

rain

 
 

דבק√

stick to, stay close

 
 

דֶּבֶר

plague

 
 

דבר√

speak

דָּבָר

word, thing, matter

דְּבַשׁ

honey

 
 

דָּג, דָּגָה

fish

 
 

דָּגָן

grain

 
 

דּוֹד

beloved, lover

 
 

דּוֹר

generation

 
 

דַּי

sufficiency, enough

 
 

דַּל

mean, scanty; poor

 
 

דֶּלֶת

door

 
 

דָּם

blood

 
 

דרך√

tread

דֶּרֶךְ

way, road, journey; custom

דרשׁ√

seek, ask

 
 

הֶבֶל

breath; vanity, idol(s)

 
 

הוּא

he

 
 

הוֹי

alas!, woe!, ahoy!

 
 

הִיא

she

 
 

היה√

be, happen, become

 
 

הֵיכָל

palace, temple

 
 

הלך√

go, walk

 
 

הלל√

praise

תְּהִלָּה

glory, praise

הֵמָּה, הֵנָּה

(m, f) they

 
 

המה√

make noise, roar

הָמוֹן

tumult, turmoil, crowd

הִנֵּה

behold!, look!

הֵן

behold!; if

הֵנָּה

here; until now

 
 

הפך√

turn, overturn

 
 

הַר

mountain, range

 
 

הרג√

kill

 
 

הרה√

conceive, become pregnant

 
 

הרס√

demolish

 
 

זבח√

sacrifice

זֶבַח

sacrifice

 
 

מִזְבֵּחַ

altar

זֶה, זֹאת

(m, f) this

 
 

זָהָב

gold

 
 

זוב√

flow; suffer a discharge

 
 

זַיִת

olive (fruit and tree)

 
 

זָכָר

man; male (animal)

 
 

זכר√

remember

 
 

זמר√

sing

 
 

זנה√

commit adultery, be a prostitute, be unfaithful

זֹנָה

(female) prostitute

זעק√

cry out; call to arms

 
 

זָקֵן

old; old man, elder

 
 

זָר

strange, different

 
 

זרה√

scatter

 
 

זְרוֹעַ

arm

 
 

זרע√

sow

זֶרַע

seed, descendants

זרק

scatter

מִזְרָק

sprinkling basin

חבא√

hide (oneself), be hidden

 
 

חֶבֶל

rope; measure, plot

 
 

חבשׁ√

bind; saddle

 
 

חָג, חַג

festival, feast, festival sacrifice

 
 

חגר√

gird, put on a belt

 
 

חדל√

stop

 
 

חֶדֶר

room, bedroom

 
 

חָדָשׁ

new, fresh

חֹדֶשׁ

new moon, month

חוה√

see שׁחה

 
 

חוֹמָה

(city) wall

 
 

חוּץ

outside, street

 
 

חזה√

see

חָזוֹן

vision

חזק√

be(come) strong; seize, grasp

חָזָק

hard, strong

חטא√

miss (a mark); sin

חַטָאת

sin; sin-offering

 
 

חֵטְא

fault, sin

חיה√

live, be alive

חַי; חַיִּים

life, living; lifetime

 
 

חַיָּה

(s or pl) animals

חַיִל

strength; wealth; army; virtue

 
 

חֵיק

lap, bosom

 
 

חָכָם

wise

חָכְמָה

wisdom

חֵלֶב

fat

 
 

חָלָב

milk

 
 

חלה√

be(come) weak, ill

 
 

חֲלוֹם

dream

 
 

חלל√

pollute; begin

חָלָל

slain, struck dead

חלץ√

take off; ready for battle

 
 

חלק√

divide; scatter

חֵלֶק

part, portion

 
 

מַחֲלֹקֶת

portion, share

חֵמָה

heat; rage

 
 

חֲמוֹר

donkey

 
 

חמל√

feel compassion for

 
 

חָמָס

violence, wrong

 
 

חנה√

camp

מַחֲנֶה

camp, army

חֲנִית

spear

 
 

חִנָּם

without compensation; in vain

 
 

חנן√

be gracious to, favour

חֵן

charm, grace, favour

חֶסֶד

loyalty, kindness

חָסִיד

(one who is) faithful, devout

חסה√

seek refuge

 
 

חפץ√

please, delight, take pleasure, want

חֵפֶץ

delight, joy

חֵץ

arrow

 
 

חֵצִי, חֲצִי

half (of)

 
 

חָצֵר

courtyard, settlement

 
 

חֹק

rule

חֻקָּה

statute, law

חֶרֶב

sword

 
 

חרב√

be dry

חָרְבָּה

desert, waste

חרד√

tremble, shudder

 
 

חרה√

be(come) hot, angry

חָרוֹן

anger

חרם√

devote to the ban

 
 

חרף√

taunt, reproach

 
 

חֶרְפָּה

reproach, disgrace

 
 

חָרָשׁ

craftsman

 
 

חרשׁ√

be deaf; be silent

 
 

חשׁב√

account, regard, value, think

מַחֲשָׁבָה

thought

חֹשֶׁךְ

darkness

 
 

חתן√

become related by marriage; father- (mother-) in-law

 
 

חתת√

be shattered; filled with terror

 
 

טַבָּח

butcher, cook

 
 

טַבַּעַת

ring, signet-ring

 
 

טהר√

be clean, pure

טָהוֹר

clean, pure

טוב√

be good, pleasant

טוֹב

good; goodness

 
 

טוּב

goodness, the best

טמא√

be unclean

טָמֵא, טְמֵאָה

unclean

 
 

טֻמְאָה

uncleanness

טַף

children

 
 

טֶרֶם, בְּטֶרֶם

not yet; before

 
 

יְאֹר

(great) river (Nile, Euphrates)

 
 

יבשׁ√

be dry; dry up

 
 

יָד

hand

 
 

ידה√

throw; thank, praise, confess

תּוֹדָה

(song, sacrifice of) thanksgiving

ידע√

know, notice

דַּעַת

knowledge

 
 

מַדּוּעַ

why?

יהב√

give; come on!

 
 

י-ה-ו-ה, יָ-ה

G-d

 
 

יוֹם

day

יוֹמָם

in the daytime; daily

יוֹנָה

dove

 
 

יַחַד, יַחְדָּו

community; together

 
 

יחל√

wait

 
 

יטב√

be good

 
 

יַיִן

wine

 
 

יכח√

dispute; tell off

 
 

יכל√

be able

 
 

ילד√

bring forth, give birth

יֶלֶד, יַלְדָּה

(s m; f) boy, girl

 
 

תּוֹלֵדוֹת

descendants, generations

יָם

sea; west

 
 

יָמִין

right hand; south

יְמָנִי

right (hand); southern

ינק√

suck, suckle, nurse

 
 

יסד√

found, lay the foundations of

 
 

יסף√

continue, add; stop

 
 

יסר√

teach; teach oneself, take advice

מוּסָר

correction

יעד√

meet, gather, set

מוֹעֵד

appointed place or time; season

 
 

עֵדָה

congregation, community

יַעַן

on account of; because

 
 

יעץ√

give advice; ask advice

עֵצָה

advice

יַעַר

forest

 
 

יָפֶה

handsome, beautiful

 
 

יצא√

go out, come out

 
 

יצב√

take one's stand, position, stand firm; appear, arrive

 
 

יצק√

dish up (food); pour out (liquid)

 
 

יָקָר

rare, costly; noble

 
 

ירא√

fear, be afraid

יִרְאָה

fear, awe

 
 

יָרֵא

fearing, afraid

 
 

נוֹרָא

awe-inspiring

ירד√

go down

 
 

ירה√

instruct, teach; throw, shoot

תּוֹרָה

teaching, law

יְרִיעָה

curtain, tent

 
 

יָרֵךְ

upper thigh

 
 

ירשׁ√

possess, inherit; dispossess

תִּירוֹשׁ

wine

יֵשׁ

there is/are

 
 

ישׁב√

sit, live

יֹשֵׁב

inhabitant

 
 

מוֹשָׁב

dwelling-place, seat

ישׁע√

be saved; save

יְשׁוּעָה

salvation

 
 

יֵשַׁע

salvation, liberation

יָשָׁר

straight, right, upright

 
 

יָתוֹם

orphan

 
 

יתר√

be left, remain

יֶתֶר

remainder

כַּאֲשֶׁר

as, when

 
 

כבד√

be heavy, honoured

כָּבֵד

heavy, weighty; rich

כָּבוֹד

possessions; honour, glory

 
 

כבס√

wash

 
 

כֶּבֶשׂ, כִּבְשָׂה

(m, f) young ram, lamb

 
 

כֹּה

so

 
 

כֹּהֵן

priest

 
 

כּוֹכָב

star

 
 

כול√

seize; contain; clasp

 
 

כון√

be established; establish; prepare

 
 

כֹּחַ

strength, power

 
 

כחד√

be hidden

 
 

כִּי

because, for, that, when, but, indeed

 
 

כָּכָה

so, thus

 
 

כִּכָּר

loaf of bread; coin

 
 

כָּל, כֹּל

all, every

 
 

כֶּלֶב

dog

 
 

כַּלָּה

daughter-in-law, bride

 
 

כלה√

finish, complete; finish off

 
 

כְּלִי

vessel, utensil, container

 
 

כלם√

be shamed, disgraced

 
 

כְּמוֹ

just like

 
 

כֵּן

rightly, upright, right

 
 

כִּנּוֹר

lyre, harp

 
 

כנע√

be subdued, humbled

 
 

כָּנָף

wing, corner

 
 

כִּסֵּא

seat, throne

 
 

כסה√

cover

 
 

כְּסִיל

fool, stupid person

 
 

כֶּסֶף

silver

 
 

כעס√

(be) irritated, angry

 
 

כַּף

hand, palm

 
 

כְּפִי, לְפִי

according to; as, so that

 
 

כפר√

cover; expiate

 
 

כְּרוּב

cherub

 
 

כֶּרֶם

vineyard

 
 

כרע√

bend the knee, kneel

 
 

כרת√

cut (off); make (a promise/agreement)

 
 

כֶּשֶׂב, כִּשְׂבָּה

see כֶּבֶשׂ

 
 

כשׁל√

stumble

 
 

כתב√

write

 
 

כָּתֵף

shoulder(-blade)

 
 

לֹא

no, not

 
 

לְאֹם

people, nation

 
 

לֵב, לֵבָב

heart

 
 

לְבַד

alone; besides

 
 

לבשׁ√

put on, clothe

לְבוּשׁ

garment; clothes

לוּחַ

tablet; board, plank

 
 

לֶחֶם

bread, food

 
 

לחם√

fight

מִלְחָמָה

war, battle

לַיְלָה, לַיִל

night

 
 

לין√

spend the night

 
 

לכד√

seize, capture

 
 

לָכֵן

therefore

 
 

למד√

learn; teach

 
 

לָמָה, לָמָּה

why?

 
 

לְמַעַן

for the sake of; in order that

 
 

לְפִי

see כְּפִי

 
 

לקח√

take

 
 

לקט√

gather, glean

 
 

לִקְרַאת

towards, opposite

 
 

לָשׁוֹן

tongue, language

 
 

לִשְׁכָּה

hall

 
 

מְאֹד

very; force

 
 

מְאוּמָה

anything (at all)

 
 

מֵאָז

since, formerly

 
 

מאן√

refuse

 
 

מאס√

reject

 
 

מִבְצָר

fortress, fortified city

 
 

מָגֵן

shield

 
 

מִגְרָשׁ

pasture, open space

 
 

מִדְבָּר

wilderness, desert

 
 

מדד√

measure

מִדָּה

measure

מְדִינָה

province, district

 
 

מָה, מֶה, מַה

what? how?

 
 

מהר√

hurry

 
 

מוט√

waver, totter

 
 

מוּל

front; front of, towards

 
 

מול√

circumcise

 
 

מוֹפֵת

sign, omen, miracle

 
 

מות√

die

מָוֶת

death

 
 

מֵת

dead

מִזְרָח

sunrise, east

 
 

מחה√

wipe off; wipe out

 
 

מָחָר

tomorrow

מָחֱרָת

the following day; on the next day

מָטָר

rain

 
 

מִי

who?

 
 

מַיִם

water

 
 

מכר√

sell

 
 

מלא√

be full; fill, fulfil

מָלֵא

full

 
 

מְלֹא

fullness, what fills

מַלְאָךְ

messenger, angel

 
 

מְלָאכָה

work

 
 

מִלָּה

word, message

 
 

מלט√

escape; save, deliver

 
 

מלך√

reign, be king

מֶלֶךְ

king

 
 

מַלְכָּה

queen

 
 

מַמְלָכָה

kingdom

 
 

מַלְכוּת

kingdom

מִן

from, out of, part of, because of, than

 
 

מִנְחָה

gift; offering

 
 

מֵעֶה

bowels, abdomen

 
 

מְעַט

few; a little

 
 

מעל√

be unfaithful

 
 

מַעֲלָל

deed, act

 
 

מְעָרָה

cave

 
 

מַעֲשֵׂר

tithe, tenth

 
 

מצא√

find

 
 

מַצָּה

unleavened bread

 
 

מָקוֹם

place

 
 

מַר

bitter; bitterly

 
 

מרה√

be rebellious, obstinate

 
 

מִרְמָה

deceit, fraud

 
 

משׁח√

anoint

מָשִׁיחַ

anointed one

משׁך√

seize, pull

 
 

מָשָׁל

saying, proverb

 
 

משׁל√

rule, govern

 
 

מִשְׁנֶה

second, double

 
 

מִשְׁפָּחָה

(extended) family; clan

 
 

מָתַי

when?

 
 

מָתְנַיִם

loins

 
 

נָא

now; please

 
 

נְאֻם

utterance, declaration, says

 
 

נבא√

prophesy

נָבִיא

prophet

נבט√

look at

 
 

נְבֵלָה

corpse, carcass

 
 

נֶגֶב

the dry country; south

 
 

נֶגֶד

opposite, before

 
 

נגד√

make known, tell

 
 

נָגִיד

chief, leader

 
 

נגע√

touch, reach

נֶגַע

plague, blow

נגף√

injure, strike

 
 

נגשׁ√

draw near, approach

 
 

נדח√

be scattered

 
 

נֶדֶר, נֵדֶר

vow, promise

 
 

נָהָר

river, stream

 
 

נָוֶה

pasturage, abode; praiseworthy

 
 

נוח√

rest, make quiet, lay

נִיחוֹחַ

soothing, tranquilising

נוס√

run away, flee

 
 

נוע√

shake, totter

 
 

נוף√

move back and forth

 
 

נחה√

lead

 
 

נַחַל

torrent valley, wadi, river

 
 

נחל√

inherit property

נַחֲלָה

inheritance

נחם√

be sorry, repent; comfort, console

 
 

נְחֹשֶׁת

copper, bronze

 
 

נטה√

turn, stretch out

מַטֶּה

stick; tribe

נטע√

plant

 
 

נטשׁ√

leave, abandon

 
 

נכה√

hit, strike

מַכָּה

blow, wound

נכר√

investigate; recognise

נֵכָר

foreign land

 
 

נָכְרִי

foreign, strange; foreigner

נסה√

(put someone to the) test

 
 

נֶסֶךְ, נֵסֶךְ

libation (liquid offering)

 
 

נסע√

travel, depart

 
 

נַעַר

lad, youth, servant

נַעֲרָה

young girl, maid

 
 

נְעוּרִים

youth

נפל√

fall

 
 

נֶפֶשׁ

life, self, soul, mind

 
 

נצב√

take a stand, be stationed

מַצֵּבָה

pillar

נֵצַח

glory, victory; everlastingness

 
 

נצח√

lead; supervise, be long-lasting

 
 

נצל√

be saved; take away

 
 

נצר√

watch, guard

 
 

נקה√

be free, clean

נָקִי

free from, exempt

נקם√

take revenge

 
 

נֵר

lamp

מְנוֹרָה

lampstand

נשׂא√

lift, carry

נָשִׂיא

prince, leader

 
 

מַשָּׂא

carrying, burden

נשׂג√

overtake

 
 

נשׁק√

kiss

 
 

נתן√

give

 
 

נתץ√

tear down, demolish

 
 

סבב√

turn around, surround

סָבִיב

circuit; surrounding

סגר√

shut, close; deliver up, give in one's power

 
 

סוּס, סוּסָה

(m, f) horse

 
 

סור√

turn aside; take away, remove

 
 

סֶלָה

selah (unexplained technical term of music)

 
 

סלח√

forgive

 
 

סֶלַע

rock

 
 

סֹלֶת

fine wheat flour

 
 

סמך√

support

 
 

ספר√

write, count; tell

מִסְפָּר

number

 
 

סֹפֵר

scribe, writer

 
 

סֵפֶר

scroll, book

סָרִיס

eunuch, court official

 
 

סתר√

conceal, hide

סֵתֶר

hiding place; garment

עבד√

serve, work

עֶבֶד

servant

 
 

עֲבוֹדָה

service, work

עבר√

pass, cross, transgress

עֵבֶר

side, opposite side

 
 

עֶבְרָה

arrogance

עֵגֶל

calf

 
 

עַד

to, as far as, until, while; eternity, always

 
 

עֵדֶר

flock, herd

 
 

עוֹד

yet, still, again

 
 

עוד√

testify, surround

עֵדוּת, עֵדָה

warning sign, reminder, testimony; commandment

 
 

עֶד, עֵדָה

witness

עַוְלָה

wickedness, unfairness

 
 

עוֹלָם, עֹלָם

remote time, forever, eternity

 
 

עָוֹן

transgression, sin

 
 

עוֹף

flying creatures; birds

 
 

עוֹר

skin, leather

 
 

עור√

arouse, awake

 
 

עֵז

goat; goat's hair

 
 

עֹז, עָז

strength, power

מָעוֹז

fortress

עזב√

leave, abandon

 
 

עזר√

help

עֵזֶר, עֶזְרָה

support, help, helper

עַיִן

eye; fountain

 
 

עִיר, עָרִים

(s, pl) city

 
 

עַל

on, upon, against, over

 
 

עֹל

yoke, burden

 
 

עלה√

go up; offer up

מַעַל

upwards; above

 
 

עֹלָה

burnt offering

 
 

עֶלְיוֹן

upper, Most High (G-d)

 
 

מַעֲלָה

ascent

עִם

with

 
 

עַם

people, nation, relative

 
 

עִמָּד

(always with suffix) with

 
 

עמד√

stand

עַמּוּד

pillar, column

)לְ)עֻמַּת

just like; close to, at

 
 

עָמָל

distress, trouble; effort

 
 

עֵמֶק

valley

 
 

ענה√

answer, declare; be afflicted, oppress

עָנִי

afflicted, poor

 
 

עֱנִי

misery, affliction

עָנָן

clouds

 
 

עָפָר

dry earth, dust

 
 

עֵץ

tree

 
 

עֶצֶם

bone; substance, self

 
 

עצר√

restrain, stop

 
 

עֶרֶב

evening

 
 

עֲרָבָה

desert, plain

 
 

עֶרְוָה

nakedness, shame

 
 

ערך√

arrange, set in order

עֵרֶךְ

layer, row; accessories

עָרֵל

uncircumcised

 
 

עֹרֶף

neck, nape

 
 

עֵשֶׂב

green plants, herbs

 
 

עשׂה√

do, make

מַעֲשֶׂה

work

עשׁק√

oppress, do wrong

 
 

עֹשֶׁר

riches

 
 

עֵת

time

עַתָּה

now

פֵּאָה

side, corner

 
 

פגע√

encounter, meet; entreat

 
 

פדה√

buy (off), redeem, ransom

 
 

פֶּה

mouth

 
 

פֹּה, פּוֹ, פֹּא

here

 
 

פוץ√

scatter, disperse

 
 

פַּחַד

trembling, terror

 
 

פלא√

be extraordinary, wonderful

 
 

פִּלֶגֶשׁ, פִּילֶגֶשׁ

concubine

 
 

פלל√

pray, judge

תְּפִלָּה

prayer

פֶּן

in case

 
 

פנה√

turn

פָּנִים

face

 
 

לִפְנֵי

before, in front of

 
 

פְּנִימִי

inner

פֶּסַח

Passover (festival, sacrifice)

 
 

פֹּעַל

deed, work

 
 

פעל√

make, do

 
 

פַּעַם

foot, step; time

 
 

פקד√

visit, count, appoint; miss; gather

פְּקֻדָּה

appointment, service

פַּר; פָּרָה

(m, f) young bull; cow

 
 

פרח√

sprout; break out

 
 

פְּרִי

fruit, offspring

 
 

פרץ√

make a breach; burst out

 
 

פרר√

break out, burst forth; shake

 
 

פָּרָשׁ

horsemen, horse

 
 

פרשׂ√

spread out; flaunt

 
 

פשׁט

take off; ready for battle

 
 

פשׁע√

revolt, rebel

פֶּשַׁע

rebellion, revolt, transgression

פתח√

open, loosen

פֶּתַח

opening, entrance

צֹאן; צֹנֶה

flock, sheep

 
 

צָבָא

service in war; army, organised group

 
 

צַד

side

 
 

צדק√

be in the right, have a just cause, justify

צַדִּיק

righteous; fair, just

 
 

צֶדֶק

righteousness; what is right

 
 

צְדָקָה

righteousness

צַוְאָר

neck

 
 

צוה√

command

מִצְוָה

commandment

צוּר

(large) rock

 
 

צֵל

shadow, shade

 
 

צלח√

(be) strong; succeed

 
 

צֵלָע

rib

 
 

צמח√

sprout

 
 

צעק√

cry out

 
 

צפה√

arrange; overlay; keep guard, watch

 
 

צָפוֹן

north

 
 

צִפּוֹר

bird

 
 

צפן√

hide; treasure up

 
 

צָרַעַת

skin disease

 
 

צרף√

smelt, refine

 
 

צרר√

wrap up; be hostile toward; be distressed

צַר

enemy

 
 

צָרָה

distress

קבץ√

assemble, gather together

 
 

קבר√

bury

קֶבֶר

grave, burial place

קֶדֶם, קֵדֶם

in front, east

קָדִים

east side, east

קדשׁ√

be holy; make holy; set aside

קָדוֹשׁ

holy

 
 

קֹדֶשׁ

holy

 
 

מִקְדָּשׁ

sanctuary, holy place

קהל√

assemble

קָהָל

assembly, congregation

קוה√

wait, await

תִּקְוָה

expectation, hope

קוֹל

voice, sound

 
 

קום√

get up, rise, stand

קוֹמָה

height, stature

קָטֹן

small, insignificant

קָטָן

small, young

קטר√

send an offering up in smoke; make smoke

קְטֹרֶת

smoke (of sacrifice); incense

קִיר

wall

 
 

קלל√

be slight; declare cursed; make light

קְלָלָה

curse

קנא√

be envious of, arouse jealousy

קִנְאָה

passion

קנה√

acquire, buy

מִקְנֶה

possession of land/cattle

קֵץ

end; boundary

קָצֶה

end, border

קצף√

be(come) angry

 
 

קצר√

reap, harvest; shorten

קָצִיר

crop, harvest

קרא√

call; meet; read; happen

 
 

קֶרֶב; בְּקֶרֶב

inward part; in the middle of

 
 

קרב√

draw near

קָרוֹב, קְרוֹבָה

near

 
 

קָרְבָּן

offering, gift

קֶרֶן

horn

 
 

קרע√

tear up

 
 

קֶרֶשׁ

plank, board

 
 

קשׁב√

be attentive

 
 

קָשֶׁה

hard, severe

 
 

קשׁר√

tie up, bind

 
 

קֶשֶׁת

bow (weapon); rainbow

 
 

ראה√

see

מַרְאֶה

sight, appearance

רֹאשׁ

head

רֵאשִׁית

beginning, first

רבב√

be(come) numerous; multiply

רַב

much, many; captain, chief

 
 

רֹב

abundance, multitude

רבה√

be(come) numerous; multiply

הַרְבֵּה

great number, many, much

רגז√

shake, quake, rage

 
 

רֶגֶל

foot

 
 

רדף√

pursue, chase

 
 

רוּחַ

spirit, wind

רֵיחַ

scent, smell

רום√

be high, raise

תְּרוּמָה

tribute, contribution

 
 

מָרוֹם

height

רוע√

shout

תְּרוּעָה

shout (of alarm, joy)

רוץ√

run away, flee

 
 

רֹחַב

breadth

רְחֹב, רְחוֹב

broad open space, plaza

רֶחֶם, רַחַם

womb

 
 

רחם√

show love for, take pity on

רַחֲמִים

compassion

רחץ√

wash (oneself)

 
 

רחק√

be(come) far, distant

רָחוֹק

far, distant; distance

ריב√

argue, plead (a case)

רִיב, רִיבָה

argument, quarrel; legal speech

רכב√

ride

רֶכֶב

chariot, chariotry

 
 

מֶרְכָּבָה

chariot

רִמּוֹן

pomegranate

 
 

רנן√

shout (for joy), cheer

רִנָּה

shout of joy

רֵעַ

friend, companion

 
 

רָעָב

hunger, famine

 
 

רעה√

feed, graze, look after (animals)

רֹעֶה

shepherd

רעע√

be wicked, evil; break

רָע, רַע, רָעָה

evil

רפא√

heal

 
 

רפה√

become slack, sink down, be weak

 
 

רצה√

be pleased with; like

רָצוֹן

pleasure, favour, will

רצח√

kill, murder

 
 

רַק

only

 
 

רשׁע√

be(come) guilty

רָשָׁע, רְשָׁעָה

(s m, f) guilty; wicked (one)

 
 

רֶשַׁע, רִשְׁעָה

wrong, injustice, guilt

שְׁאוֹל

sheol, underworld; grave

 
 

שׁאל√

ask

 
 

שׁאר√

remain; be left over

שְׁאֵרִית

remainder

שׁבה√

take captive

שְׁבִי

(those who are/that which is) taken captive

 
 

שְׁבוּת, שְׁבִית

(carrying off to) captivity, imprisonment

שֵׁבֶט

rod, stick; tribe

 
 

שׁבע√

swear, promise

 
 

שׂבע√

satisfy, be satisfied

 
 

שׁבר√

break

שֶׁבֶר, שֵׁבֶר

breaking, fracture; interpretation

שׁבת√

rest, stop

שַׁבָּת

sabbath, rest

שׁדד√

devastate, lay waste

 
 

שָׂדֶה

field

 
 

שַׁ-דַּי

G-d

 
 

שֶׂה

lamb, kid

 
 

שָׁוְא

worthlessness; in vain

 
 

שׁוב√

turn, return

 
 

שׁוֹפָר

ram's horn, trumpet

 
 

שׁוֹר

bull, ox

 
 

שׁחה√

bow down

 
 

שׁחט√

slaughter, kill

 
 

שׂחק√

play (act) clumsy; laugh

 
 

שׁחת√

ruin, destroy

 
 

שׂים√

put

 
 

שׁיר√

sing

שִׁיר, שִׁירָה

(m, f) song

שׁית√

put, place

 
 

שׁכב√

lie down

מִשְׁכָּב

couch, bed

שׁכח√

forget

 
 

שׂכל√

have success; understand

 
 

שְׁכֶם

Shechem; shoulder

 
 

שׁכם√

rise early

 
 

שׁכן√

live, settle

מִשְׁכָּן

dwelling, tabernacle

שׁלח√

send, stretch out, let go

 
 

שֻׁלְחָן

table

 
 

שׁלך√

throw

 
 

שָׁלָל

plunder, booty, loot

 
 

שׁלם√

be whole, complete; repay; make peace

שֶׁלֶם

final or peace offering

 
 

שָׁלוֹם

peace, health

שֵׁם

name, reputation

 
 

שָׁם

there

 
 

שְׂמֹאל

left; left hand

 
 

שׁמד√

be destroyed; destroy

 
 

שׂמח√

be happy

שִׂמְחָה

joy, rejoicing

שָׁמַיִם

heavens, sky

 
 

שׁמם√

be astonished; be desolate

שְׁמָמָה

horror, desolation

 
 

שַׁמָּה

astonishment, horror

שֶׁמֶן

oil

 
 

שׁמע√

hear, listen, obey

 
 

שׁמר√

keep watch, guard

מִשְׁמֶרֶת

guard, obligation, service

שֶׁמֶשׁ

sun

 
 

שֵׁן

tooth; cliff

 
 

שׂנא√

hate

שֹׂנֵא

enemy

שָׁנָה

year

 
 

שָׁנִי

crimson, scarlet

 
 

שָׂעִיר

he-goat; hairy

 
 

שַׁעַר

gate

שׁוֹעֵר

gatekeeper

שְׂעֹרָה

barley

 
 

שָׂפָה

lip; shore

 
 

שִׁפְחָה

female slave, maidservant

 
 

שׁפט√

judge; plead

מִשְׁפָּט

judgement, custom, justice

 
 

שֹׁפֵט

judge

שׁפך√

pour out

 
 

שַׂק

goathair cloth, sackcloth; sack

 
 

שׁקה√

give to drink

 
 

שׁקט√

have peace, be at peace, be quiet

 
 

שֶׁקֶל

shekel (unit of weight)

מִשְׁקָל

weight

שֶׁקֶר

lie, falsehood

 
 

שַׂר

leader, prince

 
 

שׂרף√

burn

 
 

שֹׁרֶשׁ

root

 
 

שׁרת√

serve

 
 

שֵׁשׁ

linen

 
 

שׁתה√

drink

מִשְׁתֶּה

(drinking-) feast

תְּאֵנָה

fig (-tree)

 
 

תֵּבֵל

world, continent(s)

 
 

תְּהוֹם

deep, ocean depths

 
 

תָּוֶךְ; בְּתוֹךְ

middle; in the middle of, through

 
 

תּוֹלֵעָה

worm

 
 

תּוֹעֵבָה

abomination

 
 

תַּחַת

beneath, under, instead of

תַּחְתִּי, תַּחְתּוֹן

lower, lowest; the lowest

תְּכֵלֶת

violet/blue wool

 
 

תָּמִיד

continuance; regularly, continually

 
 

תמם√

be complete

תָּמִים

whole, blameless

תעה√

wander off, stagger

 
 

תִפְאֶרֶת

ornament, decoration

 
 

תפשׂ√

seize, take hold of

 
 

תקע√

drive, thrust; strike; pitch

 
 

תְּשׁוּעָה

salvation